/*
 * Lab visual language — microbiome · aging · machine learning
 * Teal-green (communities / life), warm umber (time / tissue), indigo (models / inference).
 * Surfaces read as warm paper in light mode; accents tie the three themes together sitewide.
 */
:root {
  --lab-microbiome: #277262;
  --lab-aging: #966348;
  --lab-ml: #4a5b9c;
  --lab-purple: #6f4a85;
  --lab-microbiome-glow: rgba(39, 114, 98, 0.22);
  --lab-aging-glow: rgba(150, 99, 72, 0.18);
  --lab-ml-glow: rgba(74, 91, 156, 0.2);
  --lab-purple-glow: rgba(111, 74, 133, 0.2);
  /* Colour-named aliases — use these when the variable's job is the *colour*, not the
     historical theme it was first attached to. Pillars on /research/ use these. */
  --palette-green:  var(--lab-microbiome);
  --palette-brown:  var(--lab-aging);
  --palette-blue:   var(--lab-ml);
  --palette-purple: var(--lab-purple);
  --palette-green-glow:  var(--lab-microbiome-glow);
  --palette-brown-glow:  var(--lab-aging-glow);
  --palette-blue-glow:   var(--lab-ml-glow);
  --palette-purple-glow: var(--lab-purple-glow);
  --flash-research-accent: var(--lab-microbiome);
  --flash-research-glow: var(--lab-microbiome-glow);
  --flash-news-accent: var(--lab-ml);
  --flash-news-glow: var(--lab-ml-glow);
  --bg-body: #f7f6f1;
  --bg-block: #efece4;
  --border-color: #d5d0c6;
  --nav-menu-hover-bg: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 16%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9));
}

html[data-theme="light"] {
  --bg-body: #f7f6f1;
  --bg-block: #efece4;
  --border-color: #d5d0c6;
  --nav-menu-hover-bg: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 16%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9));
}

html[data-theme="dark"],
[data-theme="dark"] {
  --lab-microbiome: #5dccb0;
  --lab-aging: #d8a878;
  --lab-ml: #a0acf0;
  --lab-purple: #c5a8e3;
  --lab-microbiome-glow: rgba(93, 204, 176, 0.14);
  --lab-aging-glow: rgba(216, 168, 120, 0.12);
  --lab-ml-glow: rgba(160, 172, 240, 0.14);
  --lab-purple-glow: rgba(197, 168, 227, 0.16);
  --flash-research-accent: var(--lab-microbiome);
  --flash-research-glow: var(--lab-microbiome-glow);
  --flash-news-accent: var(--lab-ml);
  --flash-news-glow: var(--lab-ml-glow);
  /* Warm charcoal stepped like light mode (body lightest, block one notch deeper) */
  --bg-body: #232624;
  --bg-block: #2c302c;
  --border-color: #545b56;
  --nav-menu-hover-bg: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 22%, rgba(35, 38, 36, 0.92));
}

body {
  background-color: var(--bg-body);
  background-image:
    radial-gradient(ellipse 95% 55% at 12% -8%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 9%, transparent), transparent 52%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse 70% 45% at 92% 4%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-ml) 7%, transparent), transparent 48%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse 65% 42% at 50% 108%, color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-aging) 8%, transparent), transparent 55%);
  background-attachment: fixed;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
}

.nav-top .menu span.active {
  border-bottom-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 50%, var(--lab-ml));
}

/* Hamburger button — only shown on mobile. Hidden on desktop. */
.nav-burger {
  display: none;
  width: 2.4rem;
  height: 2.4rem;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  background: transparent;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 80%, var(--color-fg) 12%);
  border-radius: 6px;
  cursor: pointer;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 4px;
  transition: border-color 0.18s ease, background-color 0.18s ease;
}
.nav-burger:hover {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 50%, var(--border-color) 50%);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 6%, transparent);
}
.nav-burger:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 50%, var(--border-color));
  outline-offset: 2px;
}
.nav-burger-bar {
  display: block;
  width: 1.1rem;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--color-fg);
  border-radius: 1px;
  transition: transform 0.22s ease, opacity 0.18s ease;
}
.nav-top.is-open .nav-burger-bar:nth-child(1) {
  transform: translateY(6px) rotate(45deg);
}
.nav-top.is-open .nav-burger-bar:nth-child(2) {
  opacity: 0;
}
.nav-top.is-open .nav-burger-bar:nth-child(3) {
  transform: translateY(-6px) rotate(-45deg);
}

/* Mobile: show inline logo + hamburger; collapse menu into a panel that
   expands when .nav-top.is-open. */
@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
  .nav-top {
    align-items: center;
    position: relative;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.5rem;
  }
  .nav-top .logo {
    margin-top: 0;
    flex: 1 1 auto;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
  }
  .nav-top .logo a {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
  }
  .nav-top .logo img {
    display: inline-block !important;
    position: static !important;
    max-height: 2.9rem;
    width: auto;
    top: auto;
  }
  .nav-burger {
    display: inline-flex;
    flex: 0 0 auto;
  }
  .nav-top .nav-end {
    flex: 1 1 100%;
    margin: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    max-height: 0;
    transition: max-height 0.28s ease, margin 0.2s ease;
  }
  .nav-top.is-open .nav-end {
    max-height: 30rem;
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
  }
  .nav-top .menu {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    width: 100%;
    gap: 0;
  }
  .nav-top .menu span {
    display: block;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0.65rem 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 60%, transparent);
  }
  .nav-top .menu span:last-of-type {
    border-bottom: none;
  }
  .nav-top .menu span a {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
  }
  .nav-top .menu .active {
    border-bottom-width: 1px;
    margin-bottom: 0;
  }
  .nav-top .menu .active a {
    color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 60%, var(--color-fg));
  }
  /* Theme toggle — stays in the menu, but render as a normal-row entry */
  .nav-top .menu .theme-appearance-wrap {
    margin: 0.65rem 0 0.25rem !important;
    padding: 0;
    align-self: flex-start;
  }
}

/* hugo-paged “print crop” frame — hides the horizontal strip above the header (and side/bottom frame lines) */
.crop-h,
.crop-v,
.crop-c {
  display: none;
}

/* Home page — editorial band + type scale (content/_index: .home-mid, .home-lower) */
.home-page {
  --home-type-hero: clamp(1.95rem, 4.4vw, 2.6rem);
  --home-type-tagline: clamp(0.8rem, 1.5vw, 0.9rem);
  --home-type-lead: clamp(0.96rem, 1.35vw, 1.04rem);
  --home-type-body: clamp(0.9rem, 1.2vw, 0.95rem);
  --home-type-label: 0.72rem;
  --home-gutter: clamp(1rem, 4vw, 1.75rem);
  --home-column-max: min(100%, 1100px);
  text-align: start;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: stretch;
  flex-grow: 1;
  width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.home {
  text-align: start;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: stretch;
  flex-grow: 1;
  width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
/* Hero: no hairline; tagline + type carry separation */
.home h1.title::before {
  content: none;
  display: none;
}
.home-intro {
  position: relative;
  max-width: none;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0.15rem 0 0.15rem 1.2rem;
  text-align: justify;
  line-height: 1.6;
  border-radius: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  box-shadow: none;
  animation: home-intro-in 0.75s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1) 0.08s backwards;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .home-intro {
  box-shadow: none;
}
.home-intro::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0.25rem;
  bottom: 0.25rem;
  width: 3px;
  border-radius: 0 2px 2px 0;
  background: linear-gradient(
    180deg,
    var(--lab-microbiome) 0%,
    var(--lab-aging) 50%,
    var(--lab-ml) 100%
  );
  opacity: 0.88;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.home-intro p {
  max-width: 100%;
  margin-left: 0;
  margin-right: 0;
  padding: 0;
  line-height: 1.6;
  text-align: justify;
  hyphens: none;
  -webkit-hyphens: none;
  word-break: normal;
  overflow-wrap: normal;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
/* Lead + supporting copy */
.home-intro p:first-of-type {
  margin-top: 0;
  font-size: var(--home-type-lead);
  line-height: 1.56;
  font-weight: 400;
  color: var(--color-fg);
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}
.home-intro p:not(:first-of-type) {
  font-size: var(--home-type-body);
  line-height: 1.55;
  opacity: 0.9;
  margin-top: 0.85rem;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.home-intro p:last-of-type {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
@keyframes home-intro-in {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(10px);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}
.home h1.title::before {
  content: none;
  display: none;
}

.home-hero {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(0.75rem, 2.2vw, 1.35rem);
  margin: 0.5rem auto 0;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--home-column-max);
  box-sizing: border-box;
  overflow: visible;
  padding: 0 var(--home-gutter) 0.75rem;
}
.home-hero-tagline {
  margin: 0.1rem 0 0;
  padding: 0 0.5rem;
  max-width: 32rem;
  text-align: center;
  font-family: Jost, Optima, Candara, system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: var(--home-type-tagline);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-fg) 62%, var(--lab-microbiome) 38%);
  line-height: 1.4;
  border: none;
  opacity: 0.95;
}
/* Mid band: about full width, then news + publication in one two-column row */
.home-mid {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--home-column-max);
  margin: 1.15rem auto 0;
  padding: 0 var(--home-gutter);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: stretch;
  gap: 1.65rem;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
@media (min-width: 700px) {
  .home-mid {
    gap: 1.85rem;
  }
}
/* Partners + connect — one band at the bottom (no rule above; space from padding) */
.home-lower {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--home-column-max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 1.75rem var(--home-gutter) 2.5rem;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  border-top: none;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: stretch;
  gap: 0;
}
.home-lower .home-partner-belt {
  margin: 0;
}
.home-lower .home-social {
  margin: 3.0rem 0 0;
}

[data-theme="dark"] .home-hero-tagline {
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-fg) 70%, var(--lab-microbiome) 30%);
}

/* Prose in home-intro (replaces loose .home > p) */
.home h1.title.home-hero-title {
  font-size: var(--home-type-hero, clamp(1.95rem, 4.4vw, 2.6rem));
  font-family: Jost, Optima, Candara, "Libertinus Sans", system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin: 0.35rem 0 0;
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  text-align: center;
  border-bottom: none;
  overflow: visible;
  padding: 0.12em 0.4em 0.05em;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  color: #000;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: currentColor;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .home h1.title.home-hero-title {
  color: var(--color-fg);
}

.home-hero-photo-stage {
  position: relative;
  width: min(100%, 62%);
  max-width: 680px;
}

.home-hero-photo-wrap {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  border-radius: 12px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow:
    0 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06),
    0 18px 42px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
  opacity: 0;
  animation: home-hero-photo-wrap-in 0.85s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1) 0.18s forwards;
}
@keyframes home-hero-photo-wrap-in {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

.home-hero-photo {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  object-fit: contain;
  vertical-align: middle;
  border-radius: 12px;
  transform: scale(0.94);
  animation: home-hero-photo-zoom 1.05s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1) 0.2s forwards;
}
@keyframes home-hero-photo-zoom {
  to {
    transform: scale(1);
  }
}

.home-hero-themes {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0.25rem 0 0;
  width: 100%;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr;
  align-items: center;
  column-gap: clamp(1rem, 4vw, 2.75rem);
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.home-hero-theme-item {
  margin: 0;
  animation: home-hero-tag-in 0.7s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1) backwards;
  animation-delay: calc(0.55s + var(--tag-i, 0) * 0.1s);
  justify-self: center;
}
.home-hero-theme-item:nth-child(1) {
  justify-self: end;
}
.home-hero-theme-item:nth-child(3) {
  justify-self: start;
}

@keyframes home-hero-tag-in {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(12px) scale(0.94);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0) scale(1);
  }
}

.home-hero-theme {
  display: inline-block;
  font-family: Jost, Optima, Candara, system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: var(--home-type-tagline);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: none;
  line-height: 1.4;
  color: #000;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: currentColor;
  padding: 0.15em 0.45em;
  border-radius: 4px;
  transition:
    background-color 0.22s ease,
    color 0.22s ease,
    transform 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.35, 0.64, 1),
    box-shadow 0.25s ease;
  position: relative;
  opacity: 0.95;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .home-hero-theme {
  color: var(--color-fg);
  -webkit-text-fill-color: currentColor;
}
.home-hero-theme::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 12%;
  right: 12%;
  bottom: 0.2em;
  height: 2px;
  background: linear-gradient(
    90deg,
    transparent,
    var(--lab-microbiome),
    var(--lab-aging),
    var(--lab-ml),
    transparent
  );
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transition: transform 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .home-hero-theme:hover {
    background-color: var(--nav-menu-hover-bg, rgba(186, 228, 194, 0.75));
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);
  }
  .home-hero-theme:hover::after {
    transform: scaleX(1);
  }
}
/* Order in hugo.yaml: MICROBIOME · AGING · MACHINE LEARNING */
.home-hero-theme-item:nth-child(1) .home-hero-theme:hover {
  color: var(--lab-microbiome);
}
.home-hero-theme-item:nth-child(2) .home-hero-theme:hover {
  color: var(--lab-aging);
}
.home-hero-theme-item:nth-child(3) .home-hero-theme:hover {
  color: var(--lab-ml);
}

@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .home-hero-themes {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    row-gap: 0.65rem;
  }
  .home-hero-theme-item:nth-child(1),
  .home-hero-theme-item:nth-child(2),
  .home-hero-theme-item:nth-child(3) {
    justify-self: center;
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .home-hero-title,
  .home-hero-photo-stage,
  .home-hero-photo-wrap,
  .home-hero-theme-item,
  .home-intro {
    animation: none !important;
  }
  .home-hero-photo-stage {
    transform: none;
  }
  .home-hero-photo-wrap {
    transform: none !important;
    opacity: 1;
    animation: none;
  }
  .home-hero-photo {
    transform: none;
    animation: none;
  }
  .home-hero-theme:hover {
    transform: none;
  }
}

/* Home: section titles (eyebrows) + flash cards header row */
.home-section-eyebrow {
  font-size: var(--home-type-label, 0.72rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.11em;
  line-height: 1.35;
  font-style: normal;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border: none;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 42%, var(--color-fg) 58%);
  opacity: 0.95;
}
.home h2.home-section-eyebrow,
.home p.home-section-eyebrow {
  font-size: var(--home-type-label, 0.72rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-style: normal;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.11em;
  border-bottom: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.home-flash-cards-header {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  position: relative;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0 0.12rem 0.55rem 0.04rem;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.home-flash-cards-header::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0.04rem;
  bottom: 0.1rem;
  width: min(11.5rem, 88%);
  height: 1px;
  background: linear-gradient(
    90deg,
    color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 75%, transparent) 0%,
    color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-aging) 70%, transparent) 45%,
    color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-ml) 72%, transparent) 100%
  );
  opacity: 0.6;
  border-radius: 1px;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.home .home-flash-cards-header .home-section-eyebrow {
  text-align: start;
}

.home .home-mid .home-flash-cards {
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 100%;
}
/* Home: latest news + publication flash cards (shortcode home_latest_cards) */
.home-flash-cards {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  align-items: stretch;
  gap: 1.35rem 1.65rem;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--body-width, 992px);
  margin: 2.5rem auto 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.home-flash-card {
  --flash-accent: var(--flash-research-accent);
  --flash-glow: var(--flash-research-glow);
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  height: 100%;
  min-height: 6rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  isolation: isolate;
  min-width: 0;
  text-align: left;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  border: none;
  outline: none;
  border-radius: 8px;
  /* Same hue mix as before, but let the page background show through — no hard panel edge */
  background: linear-gradient(
    145deg,
    color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-block, #fafafa) 52%, transparent) 0%,
    color-mix(
        in srgb,
        color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-block, #fafafa) 88%, var(--flash-accent) 12%) 48%,
        transparent
      )
      100%
  );
  box-shadow: none;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  padding: 0.88rem 1.1rem 0.95rem 0.95rem;
  transition:
    transform 0.32s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.3, 0.64, 1),
    box-shadow 0.32s ease;
  animation: home-flash-enter 0.7s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1) backwards;
}
.home-flash-card:focus-visible {
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px color-mix(in srgb, var(--flash-accent) 45%, transparent);
}
.home-flash-card--news {
  --flash-accent: var(--flash-news-accent);
  --flash-glow: var(--flash-news-glow);
}
.home-flash-card--publication {
  --flash-accent: var(--flash-research-accent);
  --flash-glow: var(--flash-research-glow);
  cursor: default;
}
.home-flash-card-inner--publication {
  padding-right: 1.15rem;
  min-height: 0;
  gap: 0.28rem;
}
/* Match publication inner rhythm on the news card */
.home-flash-card--news .home-flash-card-inner {
  gap: 0.28rem;
  min-height: 0;
}
/* When the pub card has no abstract, pull venue/data buttons toward the bottom */
.home-flash-card-inner--publication:not(:has(.home-flash-card-summary)) .home-flash-card-pub-links {
  margin-top: auto;
}
.home-flash-card-inner--publication:not(:has(.home-flash-card-summary)):not(:has(.home-flash-card-pub-links)) .home-flash-card-pub-more {
  margin-top: auto;
}
.home-flash-card-pub-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.home-flash-card-pub-btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 0.32em 0.65em;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--flash-accent) 88%, var(--color-fg, #1a1a1a) 12%);
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--flash-accent) 42%, var(--border-color, #ccc) 58%);
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-block, #fafafa) 88%, var(--flash-accent) 12%);
  transition:
    background-color 0.2s ease,
    border-color 0.2s ease,
    color 0.2s ease;
}
.home-flash-card-pub-btn:hover {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--flash-accent) 55%, var(--border-color, #ccc) 45%);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-block, #fafafa) 78%, var(--flash-accent) 22%);
  color: var(--color-fg, #1a1a1a);
}
.home-flash-card-pub-more {
  margin: 0.35rem 0 0;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  opacity: 0.82;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.home-flash-card-pub-more a {
  color: var(--flash-accent);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 0.12em;
}
.home-flash-card-pub-more a:hover {
  opacity: 1;
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .home-flash-card--publication:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px) scale(1.01);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 32px color-mix(in srgb, var(--flash-glow) 45%, transparent);
  }
}
.home-flash-card:nth-child(2) {
  animation-delay: 0s;
}
.home-flash-card:nth-child(3) {
  animation-delay: 0.11s;
}
.home-flash-card:nth-child(4) {
  animation-delay: 0.22s;
}
.home-flash-card:nth-child(5) {
  animation-delay: 0.33s;
}
@keyframes home-flash-enter {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(18px) scale(0.97);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0) scale(1);
  }
}
.home-flash-card-accent {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 4px;
  background: linear-gradient(
    180deg,
    color-mix(in srgb, var(--flash-accent) 58%, transparent) 0%,
    color-mix(in srgb, var(--flash-accent) 22%, transparent) 100%
  );
  border-radius: 8px 0 0 8px;
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 0;
}
.home-flash-card-shine {
  position: absolute;
  inset: -35% -20%;
  background: radial-gradient(ellipse 70% 60% at 25% 15%, var(--flash-glow), transparent 62%);
  opacity: 0.55;
  transition:
    opacity 0.4s ease,
    transform 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1);
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 0;
}
.home-flash-card-inner {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 0.32rem;
  min-height: 0;
  width: 100%;
  padding-right: 2rem;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .home-flash-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px) scale(1.015);
    box-shadow: 0 16px 40px color-mix(in srgb, var(--flash-glow) 55%, transparent);
  }
  .home-flash-card:hover .home-flash-card-shine {
    opacity: 0.95;
    transform: translate(8%, 6%) scale(1.06);
  }
}
.home-flash-card-kicker {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  color: var(--flash-accent);
  opacity: 0.95;
}
.home-flash-card-title {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.24;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border-bottom: none;
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  font-family: "Libertinus Sans", Jost, system-ui, sans-serif;
}
.home-flash-card-title--paper {
  /* alias: both cards use the same display title (see shortcode) */
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  line-height: 1.24;
}
.home-flash-card--publication .home-flash-card-summary,
.home-flash-card--news .home-flash-card-summary {
  -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
}
.home-flash-card-summary {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  margin: 0;
  opacity: 0.86;
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  align-self: stretch;
  min-height: 0;
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 4;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  overflow: hidden;
  hyphens: auto;
}
.home-flash-card-meta {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  opacity: 0.72;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  padding-top: 0.2rem;
}
.home-flash-card-inner:not(:has(.home-flash-card-summary)) .home-flash-card-meta {
  margin-top: auto;
}
.home-flash-card-cta {
  position: absolute;
  right: 0.95rem;
  bottom: 0.95rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: var(--flash-accent);
  opacity: 0.4;
  transition:
    opacity 0.25s ease,
    transform 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.3, 0.64, 1);
  z-index: 2;
  pointer-events: none;
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .home-flash-card:hover .home-flash-card-cta {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateX(5px);
  }
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .home-flash-cards {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .home-flash-card {
    animation: none;
  }
  .home-flash-card:hover,
  .home-flash-card:hover .home-flash-card-shine,
  .home-flash-card:hover .home-flash-card-cta {
    transform: none;
  }
  .home-flash-card:hover .home-flash-card-cta {
    opacity: 0.75;
  }
}

/* Home: partner logos — one long stream (N identical cycles); scroll by 1 cycle width */
.home-partner-belt {
  --partner-belt-copies: 6;
  --partner-belt-duration: 90s;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--body-width, 992px);
  margin: 1.5rem auto 0.25rem;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.home-partner-belt-viewport--conveyor {
  --partner-belt-line: color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color, #ccc) 82%, transparent);
  position: relative;
  padding: 0.75rem 0;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-block) 32%, transparent);
  box-sizing: border-box;
  box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 color-mix(in srgb, #fff 12%, transparent);
  overflow: hidden;
  /* Softer side fade so all logos in view stay readable */
  mask-image: linear-gradient(
    90deg,
    transparent 0%,
    #000 3%,
    #000 97%,
    transparent 100%
  );
  -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(
    90deg,
    transparent 0%,
    #000 3%,
    #000 97%,
    transparent 100%
  );
}
[data-theme="dark"] .home-partner-belt-viewport--conveyor {
  --partner-belt-line: color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color, #666) 78%, transparent);
  box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 color-mix(in srgb, #fff 4%, transparent);
}
.home-partner-belt-viewport--conveyor::before,
.home-partner-belt-viewport--conveyor::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  height: 1px;
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 1;
  background: linear-gradient(
    90deg,
    transparent 0%,
    transparent 6%,
    var(--partner-belt-line) 22%,
    var(--partner-belt-line) 78%,
    transparent 94%,
    transparent 100%
  );
}
.home-partner-belt-viewport--conveyor::before {
  top: 0;
}
.home-partner-belt-viewport--conveyor::after {
  bottom: 0;
}
.home-partner-belt-track {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  align-items: center;
  width: max-content;
  gap: clamp(1.75rem, 4.5vw, 2.75rem);
  padding: 0 0.5rem;
  will-change: transform;
  animation: home-partner-belt-scroll var(--partner-belt-duration) linear infinite;
}
/* Loop distance = 1 / copies of the track’s width; matches N repeated sets in the shortcode */
@keyframes home-partner-belt-scroll {
  0% {
    transform: translateX(0);
  }
  100% {
    transform: translateX(calc(-100% / var(--partner-belt-copies, 6)));
  }
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .home-partner-belt-viewport--conveyor:hover .home-partner-belt-track {
    animation-play-state: paused;
  }
}
.home-partner-belt-item {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  min-width: 4.5rem;
  min-height: 3.25rem;
  max-height: 4rem;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.home-partner-belt-item img {
  display: block;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  min-height: 2.25rem;
  max-height: 3.5rem;
  max-width: 14rem;
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: center;
  filter: grayscale(0.08) opacity(0.96);
  transition: filter 0.2s ease, opacity 0.2s ease;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .home-partner-belt-item img {
  filter: grayscale(0.06) brightness(1.08) opacity(0.96);
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .home-partner-belt-item:hover img {
    filter: grayscale(0) opacity(1);
  }
  [data-theme="dark"] .home-partner-belt-item:hover img {
    filter: grayscale(0) brightness(1.1) opacity(1);
  }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .home-partner-belt-track {
    animation: none;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
    justify-content: center;
  }
  .home-partner-belt-viewport--conveyor {
    mask-image: none;
    -webkit-mask-image: none;
  }
  .home-partner-belt-item[aria-hidden="true"] {
    display: none;
  }
}

/* Home: LinkedIn, X, GitHub, ResearchGate (shortcode home_social) — same motion language as /people/ social icons */
.home-social {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  margin: 1.85rem auto 0;
  max-width: var(--body-width, 992px);
  width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.home-social-icons {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  width: auto;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.home-social-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  border-bottom: none;
  opacity: 0.82;
  line-height: 0;
  transform-origin: center;
  transition:
    transform 0.28s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.45, 0.64, 1),
    opacity 0.22s ease,
    color 0.22s ease;
  animation: person-social-pop 0.55s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.45, 0.64, 1) backwards;
  animation-delay: var(--home-social-stagger, 0s);
}
.home-social-link:nth-child(1) {
  --home-social-stagger: 0s;
}
.home-social-link:nth-child(2) {
  --home-social-stagger: 0.05s;
}
.home-social-link:nth-child(3) {
  --home-social-stagger: 0.1s;
}
.home-social-link:nth-child(4) {
  --home-social-stagger: 0.15s;
}
.home-social-link:nth-child(5) {
  --home-social-stagger: 0.2s;
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .home-social-link:hover {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(-5px) scale(1.14) rotate(-4deg);
  }
  .home-social-link--linkedin:hover {
    color: #0a66c2;
  }
  .home-social-link--x:hover {
    color: #1d9bf0;
  }
  .home-social-link--github:hover {
    color: #24292f;
  }
  .home-social-link--researchgate:hover {
    color: #00ccbb;
  }
}
[data-theme="dark"] .home-social-link--github:hover,
[data-theme="dark"] .people-page .person-social-link--github:hover {
  color: #e6edf3;
}
.home-social-icon {
  width: 1.75rem;
  height: 1.75rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  display: block;
}

/* Shortcode image_row: horizontal figures + captions */
.image-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
  margin: 1.25em 0;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.image-row-item {
  flex: 1 1 0;
  min-width: 0;
  max-width: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  text-align: center;
}
.image-row-item img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 16rem;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center;
  margin: 0 auto;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color, #ddd);
  border-radius: 4px;
}
.image-row-item figcaption {
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  line-height: 1.35;
  font-style: italic;
  hyphens: auto;
}
@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .image-row {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
  }
  .image-row-item {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    width: 100%;
  }
}

/* Lab members (/people/) — section template layouts/section/people.html */
/* body uses justify; start alignment helps list markers in page prose */
.people-page.main {
  text-align: start;
}
.people-page .people-group {
  margin-top: 2.5rem;
  text-align: center;
}
.people-page .people-group--members {
  margin-top: 1.75rem;
}
.people-page .people-group-title {
  font-variant: small-caps;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  font-weight: normal;
}
/* Full width of .main so list lines up with site-page-lede (no narrower centered column) */
.people-page .people-group--alumni {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
}
/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
   Alumni — pedagogical ledger pattern
   Three role-coded bands (Lab members · Visitors · Interns), each entry a
   trajectory line: stage label → name + funder → next destination.
   ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */
.people-page .alumni-bands {
  margin-top: 1rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 2.75rem;
  text-align: left;
}
.people-page .alumni-band {
  --band-color: var(--palette-green);
  --band-glow: var(--palette-green-glow);
  position: relative;
  padding: 1.5rem 0 0.25rem;
  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--band-color) 35%, var(--border-color));
}
.people-page .alumni-band--green {
  --band-color: var(--palette-green);
  --band-glow: var(--palette-green-glow);
}
.people-page .alumni-band--brown {
  --band-color: var(--palette-brown);
  --band-glow: var(--palette-brown-glow);
}
.people-page .alumni-band--purple {
  --band-color: var(--palette-purple);
  --band-glow: var(--palette-purple-glow);
}

.people-page .alumni-band-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 0.7rem;
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
}
.people-page .alumni-band-mark {
  width: 0.55rem;
  height: 0.55rem;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--band-color);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 6px var(--band-glow);
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.people-page .alumni-band-title {
  font-family: "Libertinus Sans", Jost, system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 1.18rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.005em;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--color-fg);
}
.people-page .alumni-band-count {
  font-family: ui-monospace, "SF Mono", Menlo, monospace;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  padding: 0.1rem 0.5rem;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--band-color) 50%, var(--border-color));
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--band-color) 80%, var(--color-fg));
  margin-left: auto;
  align-self: center;
}
.people-page .alumni-trajectories {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

/* Compact band — denser 2-column grid, no "next" column */
.people-page .alumni-band--compact .alumni-trajectories {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  column-gap: 2.5rem;
  row-gap: 0;
}
.people-page .alumni-band--compact .alumni-trajectory {
  grid-template-columns: 8.5rem 1fr auto;
  padding: 0.7rem 0;
}
/* Hairline rules: in 2-col grid, drop the rule on the last item of each
   column individually (last row may be uneven; use :nth-last-of-type(-n+2)
   only when the count is even). Safer approach: keep all rules but trim
   the bottom of the grid by a negative margin. */
.people-page .alumni-band--compact .alumni-trajectory:nth-last-child(-n+2) {
  border-bottom: none;
}
@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .people-page .alumni-band--compact .alumni-trajectories {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    column-gap: 0;
  }
  .people-page .alumni-band--compact .alumni-trajectory:nth-last-child(-n+2) {
    border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 60%, transparent);
  }
  .people-page .alumni-band--compact .alumni-trajectory:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
  }
}
.people-page .alumni-trajectory {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 11.5rem 1fr minmax(0, 1.05fr) auto;
  column-gap: 1.4rem;
  align-items: baseline;
  padding: 0.85rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 60%, transparent);
  position: relative;
  animation: alumni-row-enter 0.45s ease backwards;
  animation-delay: var(--row-delay, 0s);
}
.people-page .alumni-trajectory:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}
.people-page .alumni-trajectory::before {
  /* hairline accent that grows on hover — subtle "trajectory" cue */
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0.85rem;
  bottom: 0.85rem;
  width: 2px;
  background: var(--band-color);
  opacity: 0;
  transform: scaleY(0.5);
  transform-origin: top;
  transition: opacity 0.25s ease, transform 0.3s ease;
}
.people-page .alumni-trajectory:hover::before {
  opacity: 0.55;
  transform: scaleY(1);
}

/* Stage column — small caps colored label, vertical-rule divider on its right */
.people-page .alumni-stage {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 0.7rem;
  font-family: Jost, system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.13em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--band-color);
  font-weight: 500;
  white-space: normal;
}
.people-page .alumni-stage-rule {
  width: 1.2rem;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--band-color);
  opacity: 0.55;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.people-page .alumni-stage-text {
  display: inline-block;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

/* Body column — name + optional funder */
.people-page .alumni-body {
  min-width: 0;
}
.people-page .alumni-name {
  font-family: "Libertinus Sans", Jost, system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 1.08rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  margin: 0;
  letter-spacing: 0.005em;
  color: var(--color-fg);
  line-height: 1.25;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
}
.people-page .alumni-trajectory:hover .alumni-name {
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--band-color) 70%, var(--color-fg));
}
.people-page .alumni-funder {
  margin: 0.18rem 0 0;
  font-family: Jost, system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-style: italic;
  opacity: 0.7;
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.people-page .alumni-funder-label {
  font-style: normal;
  font-variant: small-caps;
  letter-spacing: 0.07em;
  margin-right: 0.3em;
  opacity: 0.7;
}

/* Next column — arrow + destination, right-aligned */
.people-page .alumni-next {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 0.55rem;
  font-family: Jost, system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-fg) 75%, var(--band-color));
  min-width: 0;
}
.people-page .alumni-next-mark {
  font-family: "Libertinus Sans", serif;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  color: var(--band-color);
  flex: 0 0 auto;
  transform: translateY(1px);
  transition: transform 0.25s ease;
}
.people-page .alumni-trajectory:hover .alumni-next-mark {
  transform: translate(3px, 1px);
}
.people-page .alumni-next-text {
  font-style: italic;
}

/* Optional email icon — right-aligned utility column */
.people-page .alumni-mail {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 1.6rem;
  height: 1.6rem;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-fg) 50%, transparent);
  border: none;
  border-radius: 999px;
  transition: color 0.2s ease, background 0.2s ease;
}
.people-page .alumni-mail:hover {
  color: var(--band-color);
  background: var(--band-glow);
}
.people-page .alumni-mail-icon {
  width: 1rem;
  height: 1rem;
}

/* Dark mode — slightly stronger band tint and softer rules */
html[data-theme="dark"] .people-page .alumni-band {
  border-top-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--band-color) 28%, var(--border-color));
}
html[data-theme="dark"] .people-page .alumni-trajectory {
  border-bottom-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 50%, transparent);
}

/* Responsive — stack stage/body/next at narrow widths */
@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .people-page .alumni-trajectory {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
    grid-template-areas:
      "stage  mail"
      "body   body"
      "next   next";
    row-gap: 0.35rem;
    padding: 1rem 0;
  }
  .people-page .alumni-stage     { grid-area: stage; }
  .people-page .alumni-body      { grid-area: body; }
  .people-page .alumni-next      { grid-area: next; padding-left: 0; }
  .people-page .alumni-mail      { grid-area: mail; align-self: start; }
}

@keyframes alumni-row-enter {
  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(6px); }
  to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0);   }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .people-page .alumni-trajectory { animation: none; }
  .people-page .alumni-trajectory::before,
  .people-page .alumni-next-mark { transition: none; }
}
.people-page .people-grid {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: stretch;
  gap: 2rem 2.5rem;
  margin: 0 auto;
  max-width: 100%;
}
.people-page .person-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  text-align: center;
  max-width: 14rem;
  flex: 0 1 14rem;
  animation: person-card-enter 0.55s ease backwards;
  animation-delay: var(--person-card-delay, 0s);
}
.people-page .person-photo-wrap {
  display: block;
  border-bottom: none;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}
.people-page .person-photo-wrap:hover {
  position: static;
  inset: auto;
}
.people-page .person-photo {
  width: 11rem;
  height: 11rem;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 4px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color, #ddd);
  box-shadow: var(--box-shadow, 5px 5px 5px #eee);
}
.people-page .person-photo-wrap--empty .person-photo-placeholder {
  display: block;
  width: 11rem;
  height: 11rem;
  border-radius: 4px;
  border: 1px dashed var(--border-color, #ddd);
  background: var(--bg-block, #f9f9f9);
}
.people-page .person-name {
  font-size: 1.05em;
  font-weight: normal;
  font-style: italic;
  margin: 0 0 0.35rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
}
.people-page .person-role-badge {
  display: block;
  margin: 0 0 0.6rem;
  padding: 0;
  font-size: 1.05em;
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: normal;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  line-height: 1.35;
  color: var(--color-fg);
  opacity: 0.82;
}
.people-page .person-name-link {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: none;
  transition: opacity 0.2s ease;
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .people-page .person-name-link:hover {
    opacity: 0.75;
  }
}
.people-page .person-social {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.5rem 0.65rem;
  margin: 0.15rem 0 0;
  min-height: 1.75rem;
}
.people-page .person-social-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: none;
  color: inherit;
  opacity: 0.82;
  line-height: 0;
  transform-origin: center;
  transition:
    transform 0.28s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.45, 0.64, 1),
    opacity 0.22s ease,
    color 0.22s ease;
  animation: person-social-pop 0.55s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.45, 0.64, 1) backwards;
  animation-delay: calc(var(--person-card-delay, 0s) + var(--person-icon-stagger, 0s));
}
.people-page .person-social-link:nth-child(1) {
  --person-icon-stagger: 0s;
}
.people-page .person-social-link:nth-child(2) {
  --person-icon-stagger: 0.05s;
}
.people-page .person-social-link:nth-child(3) {
  --person-icon-stagger: 0.1s;
}
.people-page .person-social-link:nth-child(4) {
  --person-icon-stagger: 0.15s;
}
.people-page .person-social-link:nth-child(5) {
  --person-icon-stagger: 0.2s;
}
.people-page .person-social-link:nth-child(6) {
  --person-icon-stagger: 0.25s;
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .people-page .person-social-link:hover {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(-5px) scale(1.14) rotate(-4deg);
  }
  .people-page .person-social-link--scholar:hover {
    color: #4285f4;
  }
  .people-page .person-social-link--orcid:hover {
    color: #a6ce39;
  }
  .people-page .person-social-link--github:hover {
    color: #24292f;
  }
  .people-page .person-social-link--linkedin:hover {
    color: #0a66c2;
  }
  .people-page .person-social-link--x:hover {
    color: #1d9bf0;
  }
  .people-page .person-social-link--email:hover {
    color: #c5221f;
    transform: translateY(-5px) scale(1.14) rotate(4deg);
  }
}
.people-page .person-social-icon {
  width: 1.35rem;
  height: 1.35rem;
  display: block;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
@keyframes person-social-pop {
  0% {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: scale(0.35) translateY(8px);
  }
  70% {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: scale(1.08) translateY(0);
  }
  100% {
    opacity: 0.82;
    transform: scale(1) translateY(0);
  }
}
@keyframes person-card-enter {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(14px);
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .people-page .person-social-link,
  .people-page .person-card,
  .home-social-link {
    animation: none;
  }
  .people-page .person-social-link,
  .home-social-link {
    transition: opacity 0.2s ease;
  }
  @media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
    .people-page .person-social-link:hover,
    .home-social-link:hover {
      transform: none;
    }
  }
}
.people-page .people-empty {
  margin: 0;
  font-style: italic;
  opacity: 0.85;
}

/* Section headers: About, Join us, People, Research, News lists — same typography, no oversized ::before */
h1.title.site-page-heading {
  font-style: normal;
  margin-top: 1em;
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}
@media (min-width: 992px) {
  h1.title.site-page-heading {
    margin-top: 2em;
  }
}
h1.title.site-page-heading::before {
  content: none;
  display: none;
}
.site-page-subtitle {
  font-weight: normal;
  margin-top: 0.2rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  opacity: 0.88;
}
.site-page-lede {
  max-width: var(--body-width, 992px);
  margin: 0 auto;
  width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  line-height: 1.6;
}
.site-page-lede > p:first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}
.site-page-lede > p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Single posts: title + author / date only (no categories or tags), centered */
.single .article-meta--post,
.news.single .article-meta--post {
  text-align: center;
  max-width: var(--body-width, 992px);
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}
.single .article-meta--post .title,
.news.single .article-meta--post .title {
  text-align: center;
}
.single .article-meta--post .subtitle,
.news.single .article-meta--post .subtitle {
  text-align: center;
}
.single .article-meta--post .meta-line.post-meta-line,
.news.single .article-meta--post .meta-line.post-meta-line {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0;
  font-weight: normal;
}

.research-page-lede {
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}
.news-page-lede {
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}
.people-page-lede {
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

/* Research + news index — flowing sections (no boxed cards; soft hairline + rhythm) */

.research-area-cards {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  max-width: var(--body-width, 992px);
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.research-area-card,
.news-post-card {
  position: relative;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  text-align: left;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0;
  box-shadow: none;
  animation: research-section-in 0.55s ease backwards;
  animation-delay: var(--ra-stagger, 0s);
}

.research-area-card:not(:first-child),
.news-post-card:not(:first-child) {
  margin-top: 2.35rem;
  padding-top: 2.35rem;
  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color, #ccc) 88%, var(--color-fg, #1a1a1a) 5%);
}

[data-theme="dark"] .research-area-card:not(:first-child),
[data-theme="dark"] .news-post-card:not(:first-child) {
  border-top-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color, #4a524e) 92%, var(--color-fg, #eceae7) 8%);
}

.research-area-card-inner {
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.research-page .research-area-keyword,
.news-page .news-post-card-keyword {
  margin: 0 0 0.45rem;
  padding: 0 0 0.15rem 0.9rem;
  border: none;
  border-left: 3px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 72%, var(--color-fg) 28%);
  border-radius: 0;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-style: normal;
  line-height: 1.35;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: inherit;
  background: transparent;
  box-shadow: none;
}

[data-theme="dark"] .research-page .research-area-keyword,
[data-theme="dark"] .news-page .news-post-card-keyword {
  border-left-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 68%, var(--color-fg) 32%);
  background: transparent;
}

/* Per-pillar accent (post 2026-05-01 reorder + repalette):
   stochasticity = green · microbiome = brown · scales = purple.
   Falls back to nth-child for unlabeled cards. */
.research-area-card[data-pillar="stochasticity"] {
  --ra-accent: var(--palette-green);
  --ra-accent-glow: var(--palette-green-glow);
}
.research-area-card[data-pillar="microbiome"] {
  --ra-accent: var(--palette-brown);
  --ra-accent-glow: var(--palette-brown-glow);
}
.research-area-card[data-pillar="scales"] {
  --ra-accent: var(--palette-purple);
  --ra-accent-glow: var(--palette-purple-glow);
}
.research-area-card:nth-child(1):not([data-pillar]) {
  --ra-accent: var(--palette-green);
  --ra-accent-glow: var(--palette-green-glow);
}
.research-area-card:nth-child(2):not([data-pillar]) {
  --ra-accent: var(--palette-brown);
  --ra-accent-glow: var(--palette-brown-glow);
}
.research-area-card:nth-child(3):not([data-pillar]) {
  --ra-accent: var(--palette-purple);
  --ra-accent-glow: var(--palette-purple-glow);
}
.research-area-card .research-area-keyword {
  border-left-color: var(--ra-accent, color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 72%, var(--color-fg) 28%));
}

.news-post-card:nth-child(3n + 1) .news-post-card-keyword {
  border-left-color: var(--lab-aging);
}
.news-post-card:nth-child(3n + 2) .news-post-card-keyword {
  border-left-color: var(--lab-microbiome);
}
.news-post-card:nth-child(3n + 3) .news-post-card-keyword {
  border-left-color: var(--lab-ml);
}

.research-area-body {
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.62;
  hyphens: auto;
  opacity: 0.92;
  padding: 0;
  border: none;
}
.research-area-body > p:first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}
.research-area-body > p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Markdown inside research area cards (RenderString / Goldmark) */
.research-area-body--md > * + * {
  margin-top: 0.65em;
}
.research-area-body--md > *:first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}
.research-area-body--md ul,
.research-area-body--md ol {
  margin: 0.5em 0;
  padding-left: 1.35em;
}
.research-area-body--md li + li {
  margin-top: 0.25em;
}
.research-area-body--md blockquote {
  margin: 0.65em 0;
  padding: 0.45em 0 0.45em 0.9em;
  border-left: 3px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 75%, var(--color-fg) 25%);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-block) 88%, transparent);
  border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0;
}
.research-area-body--md blockquote > p {
  margin: 0.35em 0;
}
.research-area-body--md blockquote > p:first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}
.research-area-body--md blockquote > p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.research-area-body--md code {
  font-size: 0.9em;
  padding: 0.12em 0.35em;
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-block) 92%, var(--border-color) 8%);
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 80%, transparent);
}
.research-area-body--md pre {
  margin: 0.65em 0;
  padding: 0.75em 1em;
  overflow-x: auto;
  font-size: 0.88em;
  line-height: 1.45;
  border-radius: 6px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  background: var(--bg-block);
}
.research-area-body--md pre code {
  padding: 0;
  border: none;
  background: none;
  font-size: inherit;
}
.research-area-body--md table {
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0.65em 0;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  font-size: 0.92em;
}
.research-area-body--md th,
.research-area-body--md td {
  padding: 0.4em 0.55em;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  text-align: left;
}
.research-area-body--md th {
  font-weight: 600;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-block) 70%, transparent);
}
.research-area-body--md h3,
.research-area-body--md h4 {
  margin: 0.85em 0 0.4em;
  font-size: 1.05em;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.35;
}
.research-area-body--md h3:first-child,
.research-area-body--md h4:first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}
.research-area-body--md a {
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-ml) 55%, var(--color-fg));
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 0.15em;
}
.research-area-body--md a:hover {
  color: var(--lab-microbiome);
}

/* Non-clickable card body (e.g. publications list — same shell as news) */
.news-post-card-surface {
  display: block;
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: none;
  border-radius: 0;
  cursor: default;
  outline: none;
}
.news-post-card-link {
  display: block;
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: none;
  border-radius: 0;
  outline-offset: 3px;
}
.news-post-card-link:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-ml) 55%, var(--border-color));
}
.news-post-card-inner {
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.news-post-card-body {
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.news-post-card-meta {
  opacity: 0.82;
  line-height: 1.4;
  margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
}
/* Blog meta: explicit " | " in HTML; keep spaces from collapsing in flex/inline layouts */
.meta-sep {
  font-weight: inherit;
  white-space: pre;
}
.news-post-card-excerpt {
  margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  line-height: 1.62;
  opacity: 0.92;
  hyphens: auto;
}
.news-post-card-excerpt:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0.3rem;
}
.news-post-card-cta {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  margin-top: 0.15rem;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-style: normal;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-ml) 42%, var(--color-fg));
  opacity: 0.9;
  transition: opacity 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease;
}
.news-post-card-cta svg {
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .news-post-card-link:hover .news-post-card-cta {
    opacity: 1;
    color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-ml) 58%, var(--color-fg));
  }
}

/* Publication author line (bold = lab member via People section or authors_lab) */
.publication-authors-line {
  margin: 0 0 0.45rem;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  text-align: left;
  opacity: 0.92;
}
.publication-authors-line strong {
  font-weight: 700;
}
.home-flash-card-inner .publication-authors-line {
  margin: 0.2rem 0 0.4rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.home-flash-card-inner--publication .publication-authors-line {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  margin: 0;
}
.home-flash-card-inner .publication-authors-line strong {
  font-weight: 700;
}

/* =============================================================
   Publications page — "The Editorial Record"
   Year-as-anchor layout, type-tab toolbar, inline-link chips.
   All sans-serif (Jost / Libertinus Sans, already site-loaded).
   ============================================================= */

/* Type accent — stays in :root scope so toolbar tabs + cards share it.
   Each type has its own colour:
     preprint  → brown   (umber, earthy "in-progress")
     journal   → green   (lab signature, "peer-reviewed result")
     review    → purple  (synthesis / overview)
     editorial → gold    (commentary / op-ed marquee)
     chapter   → blue    (formal long-form)
     book      → blue    (same family as chapter)                  */
:root {
  --pubs-type-preprint:  var(--palette-brown);
  --pubs-type-journal:   var(--palette-green);
  --pubs-type-review:    var(--palette-purple);
  --pubs-type-editorial: #b8893a;
  --pubs-type-chapter:   var(--palette-blue);
  --pubs-type-book:      var(--palette-blue);
}
[data-theme="dark"] {
  --pubs-type-editorial: #e6c372;
}

.publications-page {
  --pubs-rail-w: 9.5rem;
  --pubs-gutter: 1.4rem;
  --pubs-rule-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 75%, var(--color-fg) 8%);
}

/* ---------- Toolbar ---------- */
.pubs-toolbar {
  margin: 0.75rem 0 2.4rem;
  padding: 1.1rem 0 1.05rem;
  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 80%, var(--color-fg) 6%);
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 80%, var(--color-fg) 6%);
  background: transparent;
  position: relative;
}
.pubs-toolbar::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 1px 0 auto 0;
  height: 1px;
  background: var(--bg-body);
  opacity: 0.4;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.pubs-toolbar-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.6rem 1.4rem;
}
.pubs-toolbar-row + .pubs-toolbar-row {
  margin-top: 0.85rem;
}
.pubs-toolbar-row--tabs {
  justify-content: space-between;
}

/* Type tabs — editorial nav bar with active accent underline */
.pubs-tabs {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: stretch;
  gap: 0.1rem;
  margin: 0;
}
.pubs-tab {
  position: relative;
  padding: 0.45rem 0.85rem 0.55rem;
  margin: 0;
  font: inherit;
  font-family: Jost, "Libertinus Sans", system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-fg) 55%, var(--border-color));
  background: none;
  border: 0;
  border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: color 0.18s ease, border-color 0.18s ease;
}
.pubs-tab:first-child { padding-left: 0; }
.pubs-tab[data-type="preprint"] { --tab-accent: var(--pubs-type-preprint); }
.pubs-tab[data-type="journal"]  { --tab-accent: var(--pubs-type-journal); }
.pubs-tab[data-type="review"]   { --tab-accent: var(--pubs-type-review); }
.pubs-tab[data-type="editorial"] { --tab-accent: var(--pubs-type-editorial); }
.pubs-tab[data-type="chapter"],
.pubs-tab[data-type="book"]     { --tab-accent: var(--pubs-type-chapter); }
.pubs-tab:hover {
  color: var(--color-fg);
}
.pubs-tab.is-active {
  color: var(--color-fg);
  border-bottom-color: var(--tab-accent, color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 70%, var(--color-fg)));
}
.pubs-tab:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 50%, var(--border-color));
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* Group-led — quiet checkbox-style filter that sits inline with the selects */
.pubs-checkfilter {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  padding: 0.05rem 0;
  font-family: Jost, "Libertinus Sans", system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-fg) 78%, var(--border-color));
  cursor: pointer;
  user-select: none;
  transition: color 0.18s ease;
}
.pubs-checkfilter input {
  position: absolute;
  opacity: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
}
.pubs-checkfilter-box {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 12px;
  height: 12px;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 80%, var(--color-fg) 12%);
  border-radius: 2px;
  background: transparent;
  transition: border-color 0.18s ease, background-color 0.18s ease;
  position: relative;
}
.pubs-checkfilter-box::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  width: 6px;
  height: 6px;
  border-radius: 1px;
  background: var(--lab-microbiome);
  opacity: 0;
  transform: scale(0.6);
  transition: opacity 0.18s ease, transform 0.18s ease;
}
.pubs-checkfilter:hover .pubs-checkfilter-box {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 50%, var(--border-color) 50%);
}
.pubs-checkfilter:hover .pubs-checkfilter-label {
  color: var(--color-fg);
}
.pubs-checkfilter input:checked + .pubs-checkfilter-box {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 65%, var(--border-color) 35%);
}
.pubs-checkfilter input:checked + .pubs-checkfilter-box::after {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: scale(1);
}
.pubs-checkfilter input:focus-visible + .pubs-checkfilter-box {
  outline: 2px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 50%, var(--border-color));
  outline-offset: 2px;
}
.pubs-checkfilter-label {
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  transition: color 0.18s ease;
}

/* Inline minimal selects — read like text, not form fields */
.pubs-toolbar-row--selects {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}
.pubs-toolbar-row--grouplead {
  justify-content: flex-end;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}
.pubs-select {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 0.3rem;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.pubs-select-label {
  font-family: Jost, "Libertinus Sans", system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-fg) 55%, var(--border-color));
}
.pubs-select select {
  appearance: none;
  -webkit-appearance: none;
  font: inherit;
  font-family: Jost, "Libertinus Sans", system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: var(--color-fg);
  background: transparent;
  border: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px dotted color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 80%, var(--color-fg) 10%);
  padding: 0.05rem 0.85rem 0.16rem 0.05rem;
  cursor: pointer;
  width: 12ch;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  white-space: nowrap;
  overflow: hidden;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(45deg, transparent 50%, currentColor 50%),
    linear-gradient(-45deg, transparent 50%, currentColor 50%);
  background-position:
    calc(100% - 7px) 55%,
    calc(100% - 3px) 55%;
  background-size: 4px 4px, 4px 4px;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  transition: border-color 0.18s ease;
}
.pubs-select select:hover,
.pubs-select select:focus {
  border-bottom-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 60%, var(--border-color) 40%);
  outline: none;
}
.pubs-select-sep {
  opacity: 0.35;
  user-select: none;
}

/* Year-range dual slider — quiet editorial style, matches select-row rhythm */
.pubs-yearrange {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  font-family: Jost, "Libertinus Sans", system-ui, sans-serif;
}
.pubs-yearrange-display {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: var(--color-fg);
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  white-space: nowrap;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 0.18rem;
  min-width: 5.6rem;
}
.pubs-yearrange-display-dash {
  opacity: 0.55;
  margin: 0 0.05em;
}

.pubs-yearrange-track {
  position: relative;
  width: 7.5rem;
  height: 14px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}
.pubs-yearrange-rail {
  position: absolute;
  left: 6px;
  right: 6px;
  top: 50%;
  height: 2px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 75%, var(--color-fg) 8%);
  border-radius: 2px;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
}
.pubs-yearrange-fill {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  height: 2px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 75%, var(--color-fg) 10%);
  border-radius: 2px;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.pubs-yearrange-input {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  background: transparent;
  appearance: none;
  -webkit-appearance: none;
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 2;
  outline: none;
}
.pubs-yearrange-input::-webkit-slider-runnable-track {
  height: 14px;
  background: transparent;
  border: 0;
}
.pubs-yearrange-input::-moz-range-track {
  height: 14px;
  background: transparent;
  border: 0;
}
.pubs-yearrange-input::-webkit-slider-thumb {
  -webkit-appearance: none;
  appearance: none;
  pointer-events: auto;
  width: 12px;
  height: 12px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--bg-body);
  border: 1.5px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 70%, var(--color-fg) 15%);
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-fg) 20%, transparent);
  cursor: grab;
  transition: transform 0.15s ease, border-color 0.15s ease, box-shadow 0.15s ease;
  margin-top: 1px; /* center on the 14px track */
}
.pubs-yearrange-input::-moz-range-thumb {
  pointer-events: auto;
  width: 12px;
  height: 12px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--bg-body);
  border: 1.5px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 70%, var(--color-fg) 15%);
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-fg) 20%, transparent);
  cursor: grab;
  transition: transform 0.15s ease, border-color 0.15s ease, box-shadow 0.15s ease;
}
.pubs-yearrange-input::-webkit-slider-thumb:hover,
.pubs-yearrange-input:focus-visible::-webkit-slider-thumb {
  transform: scale(1.15);
  border-color: var(--lab-microbiome);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 18%, transparent);
}
.pubs-yearrange-input::-moz-range-thumb:hover,
.pubs-yearrange-input:focus-visible::-moz-range-thumb {
  transform: scale(1.15);
  border-color: var(--lab-microbiome);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 18%, transparent);
}
.pubs-yearrange-input::-webkit-slider-thumb:active {
  cursor: grabbing;
}
.pubs-yearrange-input::-moz-range-thumb:active {
  cursor: grabbing;
}

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .pubs-yearrange-track { width: 6rem; }
}
.pubs-reset {
  margin-left: auto;
  padding: 0.2rem 0;
  font: inherit;
  font-family: Jost, "Libertinus Sans", system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-fg) 65%, var(--border-color));
  background: none;
  border: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 80%, transparent);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: color 0.18s ease, border-color 0.18s ease;
}
.pubs-reset:hover {
  color: var(--color-fg);
  border-bottom-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 65%, var(--border-color) 35%);
}

.pubs-legend {
  margin: 0.95rem 0 0;
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  opacity: 0.7;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}
.pubs-legend sup {
  font-weight: 600;
  margin: 0 0.05em;
}
.pubs-legend-sep {
  margin: 0 0.55em;
  opacity: 0.55;
}

/* ---------- Cards ---------- */
.pubs-list {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.pubs-card {
  position: relative;
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 1.6rem 0;
  animation: pubs-card-in 0.45s ease backwards;
  animation-delay: var(--pub-stagger, 0s);
}
.pubs-card[hidden] { display: none; }
.pubs-card + .pubs-card {
  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 80%, var(--color-fg) 4%);
}

.pubs-card-inner {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: var(--pubs-rail-w) 1fr;
  gap: var(--pubs-gutter);
  align-items: start;
}

/* Vertical accent rule — lives between rail and body, type-coded */
.pubs-card[data-pub-type="preprint"] { --pubs-type-color: var(--pubs-type-preprint); }
.pubs-card[data-pub-type="journal"]  { --pubs-type-color: var(--pubs-type-journal); }
.pubs-card[data-pub-type="review"]   { --pubs-type-color: var(--pubs-type-review); }
.pubs-card[data-pub-type="editorial"] { --pubs-type-color: var(--pubs-type-editorial); }
.pubs-card[data-pub-type="chapter"],
.pubs-card[data-pub-type="book"]     { --pubs-type-color: var(--pubs-type-chapter); }
.pubs-card:not([data-pub-type])      { --pubs-type-color: var(--lab-microbiome); }

.pubs-card-rule {
  position: absolute;
  left: calc(var(--pubs-rail-w));
  top: 0.15rem;
  bottom: 0.15rem;
  width: 2px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--pubs-type-color) 55%, var(--border-color) 45%);
  opacity: 0.7;
  transition: opacity 0.25s ease, background-color 0.25s ease, width 0.25s ease;
}
.pubs-card:hover .pubs-card-rule {
  opacity: 1;
  width: 3px;
}

/* Rail (left): year + type + venue stacked */
.pubs-card-rail {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  text-align: left;
  padding-top: 0.05rem;
}
.pubs-card-year {
  font-family: Jost, "Libertinus Sans", system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 2.4rem;
  font-weight: 200;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-fg) 78%, var(--border-color));
  transition: color 0.25s ease;
}
.pubs-card:hover .pubs-card-year {
  color: var(--pubs-type-color);
}
.pubs-card-type {
  font-family: Jost, "Libertinus Sans", system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.66rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--pubs-type-color) 75%, var(--color-fg));
  margin-top: 0.4rem;
}
.pubs-card-venue {
  font-family: "Libertinus Sans", Jost, system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-style: normal;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-fg) 72%, var(--border-color));
  letter-spacing: 0.005em;
  max-width: 100%;
  word-break: break-word;
}
/* Body (right): title + authors + abstract + chips */
.pubs-card-body {
  min-width: 0;
}
.pubs-card-title {
  margin: 0 0 0.55rem;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  background: none;
  font-family: "Libertinus Sans", Jost, system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 0.95rem + 0.5vw, 1.25rem);
  line-height: 1.32;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
  text-transform: none;
  color: var(--color-fg);
}
.pubs-card-toggle {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 0.7rem;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  font: inherit;
  color: inherit;
  background: none;
  border: 0;
  text-align: left;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: color 0.18s ease;
}
.pubs-card-toggle:hover {
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--pubs-type-color) 35%, var(--color-fg) 65%);
}
.pubs-card-toggle:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--pubs-type-color) 50%, var(--border-color));
  outline-offset: 4px;
  border-radius: 2px;
}
.pubs-card-toggle-text {
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  font: inherit;
}
.pubs-card-toggle-icon {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 1.7rem;
  height: 1.7rem;
  margin-top: 0.1rem;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--pubs-type-color) 55%, var(--color-fg) 45%);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--pubs-type-color) 6%, transparent);
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--pubs-type-color) 30%, var(--border-color) 70%);
  border-radius: 50%;
  transition: background-color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
}
.pubs-card-toggle:hover .pubs-card-toggle-icon {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--pubs-type-color) 14%, transparent);
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--pubs-type-color) 55%, var(--border-color) 45%);
}
.pubs-card-toggle-icon svg {
  display: block;
}
.pubs-toggle-cross {
  transform-origin: 7px 7px;
  transition: transform 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.65, 0, 0.35, 1);
}
.pubs-card-toggle[aria-expanded="true"] .pubs-toggle-cross {
  transform: rotate(45deg);
}

.pubs-card-body .publication-authors-line {
  margin: 0 0 0.4rem;
  font-family: Jost, "Libertinus Sans", system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-fg) 88%, var(--border-color) 12%);
}

/* Lab-author highlight — bold + warm green */
.publication-author-lab {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 70%, var(--color-fg));
}
[data-theme="dark"] .publication-author-lab {
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 80%, var(--color-fg));
}
.publication-author-mark {
  margin-left: 0.05em;
  font-size: 0.85em;
  font-weight: 600;
  opacity: 0.9;
}

.pubs-card-abstract {
  margin: 0.65rem 0 0.85rem;
  padding: 0.65rem 0 0.65rem 0.95rem;
  border-left: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--pubs-type-color) 35%, var(--border-color) 65%);
  font-family: "Libertinus Sans", Jost, system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.93rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-fg) 86%, var(--border-color) 14%);
  hyphens: auto;
  animation: pubs-abstract-in 0.28s ease;
}

/* Chips — rounded card buttons, color-coded per kind */
.pubs-card-chips {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0.7rem 0 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  align-items: center;
}
.pubs-card-chip-item {
  list-style: none;
}
.pubs-card-chip {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 0.4em 0.85em 0.42em;
  font-family: Jost, "Libertinus Sans", system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  line-height: 1.1;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-fg) 65%, var(--border-color));
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-block) 92%, transparent);
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 90%, var(--color-fg) 5%);
  border-radius: 6px;
  transition: background-color 0.18s ease, border-color 0.18s ease, color 0.18s ease, transform 0.18s ease;
}
.pubs-card-chip-label {
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}
.pubs-card-chip:hover {
  color: var(--color-fg);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-block) 78%, var(--color-fg) 6%);
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 70%, var(--color-fg) 18%);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.pubs-card-chip:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-fg) 35%, var(--border-color));
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* Empty state */
.pubs-empty {
  margin: 3rem auto;
  text-align: center;
  font-family: "Libertinus Sans", Jost, system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  opacity: 0.7;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}
.pubs-empty code {
  font-family: ui-monospace, "SF Mono", Menlo, Consolas, monospace;
  font-size: 0.88em;
  padding: 0.1em 0.4em;
  border-radius: 3px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-block) 80%, transparent);
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 70%, transparent);
}

@keyframes pubs-card-in {
  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(6px); }
  to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
}
@keyframes pubs-abstract-in {
  from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(-2px); }
  to   { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .pubs-card,
  .pubs-card-abstract { animation: none; }
  .pubs-card-toggle:hover .pubs-card-toggle-icon,
  .pubs-card:hover .pubs-card-rule,
  .pubs-card:hover .pubs-card-year,
  .pubs-card-chip:hover .pubs-card-chip-arrow { transition: none; transform: none; }
}

/* ---------- Mobile / narrow ---------- */
@media (max-width: 720px) {
  .publications-page {
    --pubs-rail-w: 100%;
    --pubs-gutter: 0.5rem;
  }
  .pubs-card-inner {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 0.7rem;
  }
  .pubs-card-rule {
    left: 0;
    right: auto;
    top: 0;
    bottom: auto;
    width: 100%;
    height: 2px;
  }
  .pubs-card-rail {
    flex-direction: row;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: baseline;
    gap: 0.5rem 0.85rem;
    padding-top: 0.4rem;
  }
  .pubs-card-year {
    font-size: 1.7rem;
  }
  .pubs-card-type,
  .pubs-card-venue,
  .pubs-card-led {
    margin-top: 0;
  }
  .pubs-toolbar-row--tabs {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 0.85rem;
  }
  .pubs-tabs {
    width: 100%;
  }

  /* Stack selects row vertically; each control gets its own full-width line */
  .pubs-toolbar-row--selects {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    gap: 0.95rem;
  }
  .pubs-select-sep {
    display: none;
  }
  .pubs-reset {
    margin-left: 0;
    align-self: flex-start;
  }

  /* Year-range slider — full-width track, label row above */
  .pubs-yearrange {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.4rem 0.6rem;
    width: 100%;
  }
  .pubs-yearrange-display {
    flex: 1 1 auto;
  }
  .pubs-yearrange-track {
    width: 100% !important;
    flex: 1 1 100%;
    order: 2;
  }

  /* Journal / Author selects — label inline, select takes remaining width */
  .pubs-select {
    display: flex;
    align-items: baseline;
    width: 100%;
    gap: 0.6rem;
  }
  .pubs-select-label {
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    min-width: 4.5rem;
  }
  .pubs-select select {
    flex: 1 1 auto;
    width: auto;
    min-width: 0;
  }

  /* Group-led row — left-align under selects (was right-aligned) */
  .pubs-toolbar-row--grouplead {
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }

  /* Legend — smaller, single line where possible */
  .pubs-legend {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
  }
  .pubs-legend-sep {
    display: none;
  }
}

/* ---------- Home flash card + research-page shared bits ----------
   These selectors used to live in this block; preserve them so the
   home "New paper alert" + research selected-pubs keep working. */
.publication-out-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 0.38em 0.75em;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-ml) 55%, var(--color-fg));
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-ml) 35%, var(--border-color) 65%);
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-block) 90%, var(--lab-ml) 10%);
  transition: background-color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease, color 0.2s ease;
}
.publication-out-link:hover {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-ml) 50%, var(--border-color) 50%);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-block) 82%, var(--lab-ml) 18%);
  color: var(--color-fg);
}
.publication-out-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin-top: 0.55rem;
}

@keyframes research-section-in {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .research-area-card,
  .news-post-card {
    animation: none;
  }
}

.news-page-empty {
  text-align: center;
  font-style: italic;
  opacity: 0.85;
  margin: 2rem auto;
  max-width: 28rem;
}
.news-page-empty code {
  font-style: normal;
  font-size: 0.9em;
}

/* News single posts — prose aligned with theme + flash/research styling */
.news.single h1.title.news-article-title {
  font-style: normal;
}
.news-article-meta {
  max-width: var(--body-width, 992px);
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color, #ccc) 85%, var(--flash-news-accent, #4f5fc7) 15%);
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .news-article-meta {
  border-bottom-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color, #444) 8%, var(--flash-news-accent, #a5b4fc) 20%);
}
.news .main.news-article-body {
  max-width: var(--body-width, 992px);
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  padding-top: 0.5rem;
}
.news.single .main.news-article-body h2 {
  margin-top: 1.35em;
  border-bottom-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color, #ccc) 75%, var(--flash-news-accent, #4f5fc7) 25%);
}
.news.single .main.news-article-body h3 {
  text-align: left;
  font-variant: normal;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  margin-top: 1.15em;
}
.news.single .main.news-article-body h4 {
  font-size: 1.05em;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-top: 1em;
}
.news.single .main.news-article-body p,
.news.single .main.news-article-body li {
  line-height: 1.62;
}
.news.single .main.news-article-body img {
  border-radius: 8px;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color, #ccc) 90%, transparent);
  box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
}
.news.single .main.news-article-body blockquote {
  border-left-color: var(--flash-news-accent, #4f5fc7);
  border-left-width: 4px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-block, #f5f5f8) 92%, var(--flash-news-accent, #4f5fc7) 8%);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .news.single .main.news-article-body blockquote {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-block, #222) 90%, var(--flash-news-accent, #a5b4fc) 10%);
}
.news.single .main.news-article-body pre {
  border-radius: 8px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color, #ccc);
  overflow-x: auto;
}
.news.single .main.news-article-body :not(pre) > code {
  padding: 0.12em 0.35em;
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--bg-block, #eee) 85%, var(--flash-news-accent, #4f5fc7) 15%);
  font-size: 0.92em;
}
.news.single .main.news-article-body table {
  border-radius: 8px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color, #ccc);
}
.news.single .main.news-article-body hr {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color, #ccc) 80%, var(--flash-news-accent, #4f5fc7) 20%);
  margin: 2em 0;
}
.news.single .main.news-article-body .footnotes {
  margin-top: 2.5rem;
  padding-top: 1rem;
  border-top: 1px dashed color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color, #ccc) 85%, transparent);
  font-size: 0.92em;
}
/* image_row shortcode + figures inside news posts —
   refined photo frame: capped width, softer corners, soft shadow lift.
   Multi-image rows align by fixed height; single-image rows render at
   natural aspect ratio so nothing important gets cropped. */
.news.single .main.news-article-body .image-row {
  margin: 1.75em auto;
  max-width: 78%;
  gap: 1rem 1rem;
}
.news.single .main.news-article-body .image-row-item img {
  height: 13rem;
  width: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 10px;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 88%, var(--color-fg) 10%);
  box-shadow:
    0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06),
    0 18px 40px -22px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.32);
  transition: transform 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.7, 0.2, 1);
}
/* Single-image rows: natural aspect ratio, no cropping */
.news.single .main.news-article-body .image-row-item:only-child img {
  height: auto;
  max-height: 32rem;
  object-fit: contain;
  background: var(--bg-block);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .news.single .main.news-article-body .image-row-item img {
  box-shadow:
    0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.22),
    0 20px 44px -22px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
}
.news.single .main.news-article-body .image-row-item figcaption {
  font-size: 0.82em;
  opacity: 0.72;
  margin-top: 0.65rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}
@media (max-width: 700px) {
  .news.single .main.news-article-body .image-row { max-width: 100%; }
  .news.single .main.news-article-body .image-row-item img { height: 11rem; }
  .news.single .main.news-article-body .image-row-item:only-child img { height: auto; }
}
.news.single .main.news-article-body #TableOfContents {
  border-radius: 8px;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color, #ccc) 88%, var(--flash-news-accent, #4f5fc7) 12%);
}


/* Top nav: hover pill (tint from design system — see :root / [data-theme="dark"]) */
.nav-top .menu span a {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.28em 0.65em;
  border-radius: 4px;
  transition: background-color 0.18s ease;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
/* Theme: “culture dish” pill + lab microbiome edge; helix glyph — tighter H than word links */
.nav-top .menu .theme-appearance-wrap {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  align-self: center;
}
.nav-top .menu .theme-appearance-wrap .theme-appearance-btn {
  padding: 0;
  min-width: 0;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: transparent;
  border: none;
  color: var(--color-fg);
  /* Omit box-shadow from transitions (was tied to a green glow that flashed on hover/timer). */
  transition:
    background-color 0.22s ease,
    border-color 0.22s ease,
    color 0.18s ease;
}
.nav-top .menu .theme-appearance-wrap .theme-appearance-btn:hover {
  background: transparent;
  border-color: transparent;
}
/* Horizontal helix base pairs: lab triad, distinct mixes per stripe; dark layer uses shifted sites + cooler mixes */
.nav-top .menu .theme-appearance-wrap .theme-helix-rungs--light .theme-helix-rung:nth-child(1) {
  stroke: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 72%, var(--lab-ml));
}
.nav-top .menu .theme-appearance-wrap .theme-helix-rungs--light .theme-helix-rung:nth-child(2) {
  stroke: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-aging) 68%, var(--lab-microbiome));
}
.nav-top .menu .theme-appearance-wrap .theme-helix-rungs--light .theme-helix-rung:nth-child(3) {
  stroke: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-ml) 74%, var(--lab-aging));
}
.nav-top .menu .theme-appearance-wrap .theme-helix-rungs--light .theme-helix-rung:nth-child(4) {
  stroke: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 52%, var(--lab-ml));
}
.nav-top .menu .theme-appearance-wrap .theme-helix-rungs--dark .theme-helix-rung:nth-child(1) {
  stroke: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-ml) 78%, var(--lab-microbiome));
}
.nav-top .menu .theme-appearance-wrap .theme-helix-rungs--dark .theme-helix-rung:nth-child(2) {
  stroke: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 70%, var(--lab-aging));
}
.nav-top .menu .theme-appearance-wrap .theme-helix-rungs--dark .theme-helix-rung:nth-child(3) {
  stroke: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-aging) 62%, var(--lab-ml));
}
.nav-top .menu .theme-appearance-wrap .theme-helix-rungs--dark .theme-helix-rung:nth-child(4) {
  stroke: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-ml) 58%, var(--lab-aging));
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .nav-top .menu span a:hover {
    background-color: var(--nav-menu-hover-bg);
    position: static;
    inset: auto;
  }
}

/* Home partner belt: each logo sits inside its own white "chip" so funder /
   affiliation logos (which generally assume a white background) render
   correctly regardless of page theme — without forcing the surrounding belt
   section to be white. Normalise the img filter since chips are always white. */
/* In light theme the belt section blends with the page background (no block
   tint, no inset highlight); dark theme keeps the original block treatment. */
.home-partner-belt-viewport--conveyor {
  background: transparent;
  box-shadow: none;
}
.home-partner-belt-item {
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid #4b5563;
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 0.5rem 0.85rem;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .home-partner-belt-item {
  border-color: #6b7280;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
}
.home-partner-belt-item img,
[data-theme="dark"] .home-partner-belt-item img {
  filter: grayscale(0.08) opacity(0.96);
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .home-partner-belt-item:hover img,
  [data-theme="dark"] .home-partner-belt-item:hover img {
    filter: grayscale(0) opacity(1);
  }
}

/* ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
   Research page — feature-spread cards
   Each pillar = a scientific-feature opener with an inline SVG hero,
   editorial typography, and alternating image side per row on desktop.
   Theming: SVG paints inherit pillar accents via [data-pillar].
   ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── */

.research-area-cards {
  gap: 0;
  margin-top: 2.25rem;
}

.research-area-card {
  --ra-stagger: 0s;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 2.6rem 0;
  border: none;
  background: transparent;
  animation: research-section-in 0.6s ease backwards;
  animation-delay: var(--ra-stagger);
}
.research-area-card:not(:first-child) {
  margin-top: 0;
  padding-top: 2.6rem;
  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color, #ccc) 90%, var(--color-fg, #1a1a1a) 6%);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .research-area-card:not(:first-child) {
  border-top-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color, #4a524e) 88%, var(--color-fg, #eceae7) 10%);
}

.research-area-card-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 5fr) minmax(0, 7fr);
  gap: clamp(1.5rem, 3.5vw, 3rem);
  align-items: center;
}
.research-area-card:nth-child(even) .research-area-card-grid {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 7fr) minmax(0, 5fr);
}
.research-area-aside {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 1rem;
  min-width: 0;
}
.research-area-card:nth-child(even) .research-area-aside {
  order: 2;
}

.research-area-hero {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  min-width: 0;
  display: flex;
}

.research-area-hero-frame {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  border-radius: 6px;
  overflow: hidden;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ra-accent, var(--color-fg)) 4%, var(--bg-block, #efece4) 96%);
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--ra-accent, var(--border-color)) 22%, var(--border-color, #d5d0c6) 78%);
  box-shadow:
    0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04) inset,
    0 6px 18px -10px color-mix(in srgb, var(--ra-accent, #000) 35%, transparent);
  transition: transform 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.7, 0.2, 1), box-shadow 0.5s ease;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .research-area-hero-frame {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ra-accent, var(--color-fg)) 6%, var(--bg-block, #2c302c) 94%);
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ra-accent, var(--border-color)) 30%, var(--border-color, #545b56) 70%);
  box-shadow:
    0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03) inset,
    0 8px 22px -10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55);
}
.research-area-card:hover .research-area-hero-frame,
.research-area-card:focus-within .research-area-hero-frame {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow:
    0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05) inset,
    0 12px 28px -12px color-mix(in srgb, var(--ra-accent, #000) 45%, transparent);
}

.research-area-hero svg,
.research-area-hero-frame > img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}

/* Inline-SVG theming hooks — fills inherit pillar accent + theme bg */
.research-area-hero .ra-illust .ra-fg          { fill: var(--ra-accent); stroke: var(--ra-accent); }
.research-area-hero .ra-illust .ra-fg-solid    { fill: var(--ra-accent); }
.research-area-hero .ra-illust .ra-petri-fill  { fill: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ra-accent) 12%, transparent); stroke: none; }
.research-area-hero .ra-illust .ra-petri-rim   { stroke: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ra-accent) 38%, transparent); fill: none; }
.research-area-hero .ra-illust .ra-bg-dot      { fill: var(--color-fg); opacity: 0.07; }
[data-theme="dark"] .research-area-hero .ra-illust .ra-bg-dot { opacity: 0.10; }
.research-area-hero .ra-illust .ra-bg-line     { stroke: var(--color-fg); opacity: 0.09; }
[data-theme="dark"] .research-area-hero .ra-illust .ra-bg-line { opacity: 0.13; }
.research-area-hero .ra-illust .ra-baseline    { stroke: var(--ra-accent); }
.research-area-hero .ra-illust .ra-arrow       { stroke: var(--ra-accent); }
.research-area-hero .ra-illust .ra-arrow-head  { fill: var(--ra-accent); }

.research-area-hero .ra-illust .ra-caption {
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 11px;
  fill: var(--color-fg);
  opacity: 0.55;
}
.research-area-hero .ra-illust .ra-caption--mini {
  font-size: 9.5px;
  opacity: 0.42;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

/* Eyebrow: small monospace-ish theme number — ties to feature-magazine register */
.research-area-eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 0.55rem;
  padding: 0;
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.22em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ra-accent, color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 50%, var(--color-fg) 50%));
  opacity: 0.72;
}
.research-area-eyebrow-num {
  font-family: ui-monospace, "SF Mono", Menlo, Consolas, monospace;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  margin-left: 0.15em;
}

.research-page .research-area-keyword {
  margin: 0 0 0.85rem;
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.05rem + 0.3vw, 1.18rem);
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  padding: 0.05rem 0 0.1rem 0.95rem;
  border-left-width: 3px;
}

/* Stack on tablets and below — image above, content below */
@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .research-area-card-grid,
  .research-area-card:nth-child(even) .research-area-card-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1.25rem;
  }
  .research-area-card:nth-child(even) .research-area-hero {
    order: 0;
  }
  .research-area-card {
    padding: 1.9rem 0;
  }
  .research-area-card:not(:first-child) {
    padding-top: 1.9rem;
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .research-area-card { animation: none; }
  .research-area-card:hover .research-area-hero-frame,
  .research-area-card:focus-within .research-area-hero-frame {
    transform: none;
  }
}

/* Research page — selected publications cards (under each pillar's hero) */
.research-area-pubs {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}
.research-area-pubs-eyebrow {
  margin: 0 0 0.15rem;
  padding: 0;
  font-size: 0.62rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ra-accent, color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-microbiome) 50%, var(--color-fg) 50%));
  opacity: 0.78;
}
.research-area-pubs-list {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.45rem;
}
.research-area-pub-item {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.research-area-pub {
  display: block;
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  padding: 0.65rem 0.85rem;
  border-radius: 5px;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--ra-accent, var(--border-color)) 16%, var(--border-color, #d5d0c6) 84%);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ra-accent, transparent) 3%, var(--bg-block, #efece4) 97%);
  transition: transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.7, 0.2, 1),
              border-color 0.2s ease,
              background 0.2s ease,
              box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .research-area-pub {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ra-accent, transparent) 5%, var(--bg-block, #2c302c) 95%);
}
.research-area-pub:hover,
.research-area-pub:focus-visible {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ra-accent, var(--border-color)) 50%, var(--border-color, #d5d0c6) 50%);
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ra-accent, transparent) 8%, var(--bg-block, #efece4) 92%);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 14px -10px color-mix(in srgb, var(--ra-accent, #000) 35%, transparent);
  outline: none;
}
[data-theme="dark"] .research-area-pub:hover,
[data-theme="dark"] .research-area-pub:focus-visible {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--ra-accent, transparent) 12%, var(--bg-block, #2c302c) 88%);
}
.research-area-pub-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 0.35em;
  font-family: ui-monospace, "SF Mono", Menlo, Consolas, monospace;
  font-size: 0.62rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ra-accent, color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-fg) 60%, transparent));
  opacity: 0.85;
  margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}
.research-area-pub-sep {
  opacity: 0.55;
  font-weight: 400;
}
.research-area-pub-venue {
  font-style: normal;
}
.research-area-pub-authors {
  font-style: normal;
  opacity: 0.85;
}
.research-area-pub-etal {
  font-style: normal;
  opacity: 0.78;
}
.research-area-pub-title {
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.34;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--color-fg);
  /* clamp to 3 lines for visual rhythm */
  display: -webkit-box;
  -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
  -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
  overflow: hidden;
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .research-area-pub:hover,
  .research-area-pub:focus-visible {
    transform: none;
  }
}

/* ============================================================
   News almanac — dated entries
   Pattern identity: stacked tabular date column (DAY / MONTH / YEAR)
   on the left, entries flowing on the right with colored category
   glyphs. Featured (latest) entry leads with a bleed-out hero image.
   No spine, no bullets, no card chrome — entries sit on the page.
   ============================================================ */

.news-almanac {
  margin: 1.5rem auto 0;
  max-width: var(--body-width, 992px);
  width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

.almanac-entry {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 5rem 1fr;
  column-gap: 1.6rem;
  padding: 1.85rem 0;
  position: relative;
  animation: research-section-in 0.55s ease backwards;
  animation-delay: var(--ra-stagger, 0s);

  --cat-accent: color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 60%, var(--color-fg) 40%);
}

.almanac-entry + .almanac-entry {
  border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 80%, var(--color-fg) 8%);
}
[data-theme="dark"] .almanac-entry + .almanac-entry {
  border-top-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 75%, var(--color-fg) 12%);
}
.almanac-entry[hidden] { display: none; }

/* Date column — the visual anchor */
.almanac-entry-date {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-end;
  text-align: right;
  line-height: 1;
  padding-top: 0.2rem;
  font-family: Jost, "Libertinus Sans", system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  user-select: none;
}
.almanac-entry-date .day {
  font-size: 2.6rem;
  font-weight: 200;
  letter-spacing: -0.025em;
  opacity: 0.95;
}
.almanac-entry-date .month {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.2em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  opacity: 0.7;
}
.almanac-entry-date .year {
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  margin-top: 0.18rem;
  opacity: 0.45;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

/* Entry link wrapping the body content (and hero, when present) */
.almanac-entry-link {
  display: block;
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: none;
  border-radius: 0;
  outline-offset: 4px;
  min-width: 0;
}
.almanac-entry-link:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--cat-accent) 55%, var(--border-color));
}

.almanac-entry-text { min-width: 0; }

.almanac-entry-title {
  font-family: "Libertinus Sans", Jost, system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  line-height: 1.22;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
  margin: 0 0 0.55rem;
  color: inherit;
  border: none;
  background: none;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-transform: none;
  transition: color 0.22s ease;
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .almanac-entry-link:hover .almanac-entry-title {
    color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--cat-accent) 38%, var(--color-fg));
  }
}

.almanac-entry-excerpt {
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
  font-size: 0.96rem;
  line-height: 1.62;
  opacity: 0.86;
  hyphens: auto;
}
/* Category line: colored squares + tracked uppercase labels */
.almanac-entry-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.55rem 1.15rem;
  margin: 0 0 0.85rem;
  align-items: center;
}
.almanac-cat {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.45rem;
  font-family: Jost, "Libertinus Sans", system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  --c: color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 50%, var(--color-fg) 50%);
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-fg) 78%, var(--border-color));
  opacity: 0.95;
}
.almanac-cat .glyph {
  width: 7px;
  height: 7px;
  background: var(--c);
  border-radius: 1px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.almanac-entry-cta {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 0.3rem;
  margin-left: 0.45rem;
  font-family: Jost, "Libertinus Sans", system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--cat-accent) 55%, var(--color-fg));
  opacity: 0.88;
  white-space: nowrap;
  transition: gap 0.22s ease, opacity 0.22s ease;
}
.almanac-entry-cta svg {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  transform: translateY(2px);
}
@media (hover: hover) and (pointer: fine) {
  .almanac-entry-link:hover .almanac-entry-cta {
    opacity: 1;
    gap: 0.55rem;
  }
}

/* Year separator (only when crossing year boundaries) */
.almanac-year-marker {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.9rem;
  margin: 0.6rem 0 0;
  padding: 1.2rem 0 0.4rem 5rem;
}
.almanac-year-marker::before {
  content: "";
  height: 1px;
  width: 1.6rem;
  background: var(--border-color);
}
.almanac-year-marker::after {
  content: "";
  height: 1px;
  flex: 1;
  background: var(--border-color);
  opacity: 0.5;
}
.almanac-year-marker span {
  font-family: Jost, "Libertinus Sans", system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.24em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  opacity: 0.5;
}

/* Mobile */
@media (max-width: 700px) {
  .almanac-entry {
    grid-template-columns: 3.6rem 1fr;
    column-gap: 1rem;
    padding: 1.5rem 0;
  }
  .almanac-entry-date .day { font-size: 2rem; }
  .almanac-entry-date .month { font-size: 0.66rem; margin-top: 0.35rem; }
  .almanac-entry-date .year { font-size: 0.66rem; }
  .almanac-entry-title { font-size: 1.18rem; }
  .almanac-entry-excerpt { font-size: 0.93rem; }
  .almanac-year-marker {
    padding-left: 3.6rem;
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .almanac-entry { animation: none; }
}

/* News filter toolbar — tag chips + year-range slider */
.news-toolbar {
  margin: 1.25rem auto 0.5rem;
  max-width: var(--body-width, 992px);
  width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  padding-bottom: 1rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 80%, var(--color-fg) 8%);
}
.news-toolbar-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem 0.7rem;
}
.news-toolbar-row + .news-toolbar-row { margin-top: 0.85rem; }
.news-toolbar-row--year { gap: 0.9rem 1.5rem; }
.news-toolbar-row--reset-only { justify-content: flex-end; }

.news-tag-tab {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.38rem;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.65rem;
  font-family: Jost, "Libertinus Sans", system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-fg) 78%, var(--border-color));
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 88%, var(--color-fg) 8%);
  background: transparent;
  border-radius: 999px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: border-color 0.18s ease, background 0.18s ease, color 0.18s ease;
}
.news-tag-tab-glyph {
  width: 7px;
  height: 7px;
  border-radius: 1px;
  background: var(--c, color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 50%, var(--color-fg) 50%));
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.news-tag-tab[data-value=""] .news-tag-tab-glyph { display: none; }
.news-tag-tab:hover {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--c, var(--color-fg)) 45%, var(--border-color));
}
.news-tag-tab.is-active {
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--c, var(--color-fg)) 14%, transparent);
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--c, var(--color-fg)) 50%, var(--border-color));
  color: var(--color-fg);
}

/* Per-tag color is set inline via `style="--c: var(--palette-X)"` from the
   layout template. Add new categories to content/news/<post>.md and they
   pick up a stable palette color automatically. To lock a specific tag to
   a specific color, edit the `$preferred` map in layouts/news/list.html. */

/* Year-range slider (mirrors publications) */
.news-yearrange {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.7rem;
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  min-width: 220px;
}
.news-yearrange-label {
  font-family: Jost, "Libertinus Sans", system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  opacity: 0.7;
}
.news-yearrange-display {
  font-family: Jost, "Libertinus Sans", system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  opacity: 0.85;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.news-yearrange-dash { margin: 0 0.25rem; opacity: 0.5; }
.news-yearrange-track {
  position: relative;
  height: 22px;
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  min-width: 140px;
}
.news-yearrange-rail {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  height: 2px;
  margin-top: -1px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 75%, var(--color-fg) 8%);
  border-radius: 999px;
}
.news-yearrange-fill {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  height: 2px;
  margin-top: -1px;
  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-ml) 70%, var(--color-fg));
  border-radius: 999px;
}
.news-yearrange-input {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 22px;
  margin: 0;
  background: transparent;
  -webkit-appearance: none;
  appearance: none;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.news-yearrange-input::-webkit-slider-thumb {
  -webkit-appearance: none;
  appearance: none;
  pointer-events: auto;
  width: 14px;
  height: 14px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--bg-body);
  border: 1.5px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-ml) 70%, var(--color-fg));
  cursor: pointer;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}
.news-yearrange-input::-moz-range-thumb {
  pointer-events: auto;
  width: 14px;
  height: 14px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--bg-body);
  border: 1.5px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-ml) 70%, var(--color-fg));
  cursor: pointer;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}

.news-reset {
  font-family: Jost, "Libertinus Sans", system-ui, sans-serif;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-fg) 75%, var(--border-color));
  background: transparent;
  border: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--border-color) 88%, var(--color-fg) 8%);
  border-radius: 999px;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.7rem;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: border-color 0.18s ease, color 0.18s ease;
}
.news-reset:hover {
  border-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--lab-ml) 50%, var(--border-color));
  color: var(--color-fg);
}

.news-empty {
  text-align: center;
  font-style: italic;
  opacity: 0.7;
  margin: 2.5rem auto 1rem;
  max-width: 28rem;
}

/* Title + tags inline header */
.almanac-entry-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.55rem 1.2rem;
  margin: 0 0 0.6rem;
}
.almanac-entry-head .almanac-entry-title {
  margin: 0;
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  min-width: 0;
}
.almanac-entry-head .almanac-entry-meta {
  margin: 0;
  flex: 0 1 auto;
}

@media (max-width: 700px) {
  .news-toolbar { padding-bottom: 0.85rem; }
  .news-yearrange { min-width: 0; flex-basis: 100%; }
}